Vegetative Growth Characters of Different Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Varieties under High Density Planting System

Vegetative Growth Characters of Different Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Varieties under High Density Planting System

Kavitha. R^* , Nataraja K, H , Naik. N

Corresponding Author Email: kavithagr25@gmail.com

DOI : http://dx.doi. org/10.53709/CHE.2019.v01s12.0011

Abstract

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INTRODUCTION

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is the leading fruit crop of India, belongs to family Anacardiaceae which is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is considered as the “King of fruits” and “National Fruit of India”. High density planting system is a very intensive form of fruit production with great relevance to the food and nutritional prosperity of the ever increasing human population. Plant response to high density planting depends on intrinsic variables related to the plants themselves such as rootstock, vigor, canopy, age and extrinsic variables, including soil and climate [1-3]. High density planting has been standardized for the popular cultivars of Mango like 2.5 x 2.5 m for ‘Amrapali’ [4] 6 x 6 m for ‘Mallika’ and 3.0 x 2.5 m for ‘Dashehari’ [5-8]. The proper selection of varieties for high density planting is very essential and the variety should be less spreading and the dwarf stature of the plant is important criteria to be considered for suitability in high density planting. Hence, keeping in view, the importance of varietal evaluation, an attempt was made to evaluate the mango varieties on the basis of vegetative growth characters for high density planting system.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

            An experiment was conducted at Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi (Belagavi) under University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkote (Karnataka) from June-2017 to May-2018 to study the performance of different mango varieties for vegetative and reproductive parameters under high density planting system. The grafted mango varieties viz., Alphonso, Amrapali, Kesar, Mallika and Totapuri were planted during November 2013 at 3.0 m × 2.0 m spacing. Sixty six plants of each variety were used for the study, eleven plants constituting a replication. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design. Observations on vegetative parameters like plant height, stem girth at collar region, plant spread were recorded after pruning and at six months after pruning (MAP) using the measuring tape and number of tertiary branches per plant was recorded at 6 MAP. The canopy volume was measured by takingNorth-South, East-West spread and height from first branch to top of the plant. Canopy volume was calculated at 90 days interval as given by Castle’s formula

Where,

           NS = Plant spread in North-South direction (m)

          EW = Plant spread in East-West direction (m)

           CF = Correction factor i.e., 0.5239

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Vegetative parameters

Vegetative parameters viz., Plant height (m), Stem girth (cm), Plant spread N-S and E-W (cm), Canopy volume (m³) were recorded after pruning and six months after pruning and also number of tertiary branches was recorded. All the vegetative growth parameters differed significantly among the varieties and are furnished in Table 1 and 2.

Plant height: The interpretation of data (Table 1) on plant height revealed significant difference among the treatments at different months after pruning. Maximum plant height after pruning and 6 MAP was recorded in Alphonso (1.83 m and 2.32 m, respectively) which was followed by Totapuri (1.81 m and 2.27 m, respectively) and Kesar (1.77 m and 2.16 m, respectively) and they were on par with each other. Whereas plant height after pruning and 6 MAP were minimum in Amrapali (1.40 m and 1.71 m, respectively). The data recorded on stem girth at different months after pruning differed significantly. Maximum stem girth after pruning and 6 MAP was recorded in Alphonso (5.72 cm and 6.86 cm respectively) which was followed by Totapuri (5.61 cm and 6.63 cm respectively) and Kesar (5.41 cm and 6.32 cm respectively) and they are on par with each other.

Stem girth: The minimum stem girth after pruning and 6 MAP was recorded in Amrapali (4.11 cm and 4.86 cm respectively) (Table 1). The experimental results are found in line with the findings of [9-10] in mango.

Tertiary branches: The number of tertiary branches per plant was recorded significantly maximum in Alphonso (24.99) followed by Totapuri (20.61) (Table 1). The minimum number of tertiary branches was recorded in Amrapali (11.33). Similar results were also reported by [11] in mango.

Plant spread: The data presented in Table 2 reveled that, maximum plant spread in North-South direction after pruning was recorded in Totapuri (169.69 cm) which is on par with Alphonso (165.39 cm), Kesar (165.02 cm) and Mallika (150.45 cm). The minimum North-South plant spread was recorded in Amrapali (137.50 cm). The variety Kesar (219.80 cm) recorded maximum North-South plant spread at 6 MAP which is on par with Totapuri (216.58 cm), Alphonso (213.36 cm) and Mallika (191.77 cm). The minimum North-South plant spread was recorded in Amrapali (175.36 cm). The maximum plant spread after pruning in East-West direction was recorded in Totapuri (167.46 cm) which was on par with Alphonso (166.50 cm), Kesar (156.42 cm) and Mallika (151.69 cm)_. The minimum East-West plant spread was recorded in Amrapali (112.03 cm). The variety Kesar (210.12 cm) recorded maximum East-West plant spread at 6 MAP which is on par with Alphonso (208.03 cm), Totapuri (206.63 cm) and Mallika (189.50 cm). The minimum East-West plant spread was recorded in Amrapali (147.89 cm). The findings are in accordance with the findings of [12-14] in mango. This variation with respect to plant spread among the different cultivars may be due to spreading and intermediate spreading habit of the cultivar.

Canopy volume: Maximum canopy volume was recorded in Totapuri (1.89 m³) after the pruning, which is on par with variety Kesar (1.60 m³) (Table 2). The minimum canopy volume was recorded in Amrapali (0.63 m³). The maximum canopy volume at 6 MAP was recorded in Kesar (3.78 m³) followed by Totapuri (3.75m³) and Alphonso (3.39 m³) which are on par with each other.However, theminimum canopy volume at 6 MAP was recorded in Amrapali (1.72 m³). These observations corroborated the findings of [15-21] in mango. The variation in the growth characters among the mango varieties may be due to variation in genetic makeup under the present set of environmental conditions and edaphic conditions.

CONCLUSION

Among different varieties evaluated for growth parameters, variety Amrapali recorded minimum plant height, spread and volume compared to other varieties followed by Mallika which makes them suitable for high density planting system.

Table 1. Growth parameters of different mango varieties under high density planting system

Treatments	Plant height (m)	Plant girth (cm)	Plant spread (cm)	Canopy volume (m3)	Number of tertiary branches
North – South	East – West
After pruning	6 MAP	After pruning	6 MAP	After pruning	6 MAP	After pruning	6 MAP	After pruning	6 MAP
T1 – Alphonso	1.83	2.32	5.72	6.86	165.39	213.36	166.50	208.03	1.52	3.39	24.99
T2 – Amrapali	1.40	1.71	4.11	4.86	137.50	175.36	112.03	147.89	0.63	1.72	11.33
T3 – Kesar	1.77	2.16	5.41	6.32	165.02	219.80	156.42	210.12	1.60	3.78	17.50
T4 – Mallika	1.59	1.95	4.76	5.59	150.45	191.77	151.69	189.50	0.99	2.58	17.00
T5 – Totapuri	1.81	2.27	5.61	6.63	169.69	216.58	167.46	206.63	1.89	3.75	20.61
SEm ±	0.06	0.06	0.30	0.04	7.80	7.71	10.16	9.54	0.13	0.20	0.86
CD @ 5%	0.17	0.17	0.89	0.11	23.00	22.74	29.98	28.15	0.39	0.60	2.55

MAP – Months after pruning

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