Evaluation of Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme Mill.) Genotypes for growth and yield Traits under Temperate Conditions of Kashmir Valley

Evaluation of Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme Mill.) Genotypes for growth and yield Traits under Temperate Conditions of Kashmir Valley

Usma Jan¹ , Baseerat Afroza¹ , Mehfuza Habib² , Mir Tabasum Ashraf¹ , Amreena Sultan¹ , Humeera Nazir¹ , Afiya Khurshid¹ , Zeenat Fayaz¹

¹Division of Vegetable Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190025, J&K, India

²Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Dryland Agriculture Research Station, Budgam, SKUAST-Kashmir India

Corresponding Author Email: usmabhat9@gmail.com

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.53709/CHE.2022.v03i01.004

Abstract

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Introduction

            Cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme Mill.) is a cultivated type of tomato grown for its edible fruits. It is generally considered similar but not identical to the wild relatives of the domestic tomato [5]. It is believed to be an intermediate genetic admixture between wild currant-type tomato and domesticated garden tomato. It can still be found growing wild in the coastal mountains of Peru, Ecuador and Northern Chile. Cherry tomatoes are widely cultivated in Central America and are distributed in California, Korea, Germany, Mexico and Florida [7]. It is a warm-season crop and requires long growing periods to reap more harvests. Cherry tomato is sensibly tolerant to heat and drought and grows under a wide range of soil and climatic conditions [1]. It is the most promising crop under protected structures [12].

            Cherry tomatoes are perfect for making processed products like sauce, soup, ketchup, puree, curries, paste, powder and sandwiches. The size of cherry tomato ranges from a thumb tip size up to the size of a golf ball and can vary from being spherical to slightly oblong [2]. They have good nutritional and antioxidant properties. So far, very little systematic attention has been paid by plant breeders to study performance for yield and its components in cherry tomato, which is a pre requisite for further breeding programmes. The genotypes performing well can be utilised to develop varieties or crosses.

Material and methods

            The investigation was carried out during kharif 2019 at Vegetable Experimental Farm, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar. The experimental material comprised fifteen diverse cherry tomato genotypes (Solanum lycopersicum L.  var. cerasiforme Mill.). The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized block design with three replications. The observations were recorded on various maturity, growth and yield traits. The data were analysed as per standard statistical procedures.

Result and Discussion  

            Genotypes mean performance for maturity, growth and yield traits is presented in Tables 1a and1b. The perusal of the table depicts the existence of a sufficient amount of variation in the given set of genotypes, thereby indicating a good scope for improvement of the population through various breeding procedures.

Data on an average number of days taken for flowering revealed that SK-CT-09 was earliest taking 21.08 days for first flowering, followed by SK-CT-15 (23.91 days), SK-CT-20 (24.21 days) and SK-CT-13 (24.43 days). The average number of days to the first flowering of all the genotypes was 27.40 days. Data on number of days taken to the first fruit harvest revealed that SK-CT-11 (76.79 days) was earliest followed by SK-CT-09 (76.89 days), SK-CT-05 (77.49 days) and SK-CT-22 (78.23 days). The average number of days to first fruit harvest of all the genotypes was 79.64 days. The highest plant height of 155.07 cm was observed in SK-CT-10, followed by SK-CT-16 (155.05 cm) and SK-CT-21 (153.28 cm).The average plant height of all the genotypes was 134.28 cm. The maximum number of flowers cluster^-1 (8.35) was recorded in the genotype SK-CT-09, which was followed by SK-CT-15 (8.33), SK-CT-20 (8.30) and SK-CT-14 (8.27). The average number of flowers cluster^-1 of all the genotypes was 7.83. The maximum number of flower clusters plant^-1 (24.28) was recorded in the genotype SK-CT-10 which was followed by SK-CT-05 (24.25) and SK-CT-16 (24.00). The average number of flower clusters plant^-1 of all the genotypes was 20.80.

SK-CT-09 (7.43) followed by SK-CT-15 (7.40) and SK-CT-20 (7.23) recorded maximum number of fruits per cluster. The average number of fruits cluster^-1 of all the genotypes was 6.63. The genotypes SK-CT-15 (195.03) followed by SK-CT-09 (193.14), SK-CT-05 (191.47) and SK-CT-14 (191.32) recorded the maximum number of fruits plant^-1. The average number of fruits plant^-1 of all the genotypes was 171.58.The highest average fruit length of (2.34 cm) was observed in SK-CT-18 followed by SK-CT-16 and SK-CT-13 (2.33 cm each), SK-CT-10 (2.31 cm), SK-CT-09 and SK-CT-26 (2.29 cm each).The average fruit length of all the genotypes was 2.12 cm. Fruit width was found highest in the genotypes SK-CT-16 and SK-CT-10 (2.37 cm each), followed by SK-CT-21 (2.34 cm) and SK-CT-17 (2.16 cm). The average fruit width of all the genotypes was 1.93 cm. The genotypes SK-CT-17 (6.83 g) followed by SK-CT-11 (6.80 g) and SK-CT-22 (6.73 g) exhibited the highest average fruit weight. The average fruit weight of all the genotypes was 5.75 g. Maximum pericarp thickness was recorded in the genotype SK-CT-14 and SK-CT-19 (0.63 mm each), followed by SK-CT-11, SK-CT-13 and SK-CT-18 (0.62 mm each). The average pericarp thickness of all the genotypes was 0.53 mm.

The highest average fruit yield plant^-1 was recorded in the genotype SK-CT-16 (1.035 kg) followed by SK-CT-17 (1.027 kg) and SK-CT-10 (1.024 kg). The average fruit yield plant^-1 for all the genotypes was 0.947 kg. The genotype SK-CT-16 (5.178 kg) recorded the highest fruit yield plot^-1, followed by SK-CT-10 (5.136 kg) and SK-CT-17 (5.133 kg). The average fruit yield plot^-1 for all the genotypes was 4.737 kg. The maximum number of days of harvest duration was noted in genotype SK-CT-11 (71.97 days) followed by genotype SK-CT-17 (71.93 days), SK-CT-22 (70.97 days) and SK-CT-14 (70.77 days). The average number of days of harvest duration for all the genotypes was 64.92.

            Variation in performance of genotypes have also been reported by [6] for plant height, days to 50% flowering, number of clusters per plant, number of flowers per cluster, days to first fruit harvest, number of fruits per cluster, number of fruits per plant, fruit length (cm), fruit width (cm), fruit weight (g) and fruit yield (kg) in tomato; [4] for days to flowering, plant height (cm), number of fruits per cluster, fruit length (cm), fruit width (cm), number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant in tomato; [10] for plant height, days to first fruit picking, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits plant^-1, average fruit weight, fruit yield plant^-1 and fruit yield hectare-¹ in tomato; [8] for plant height, number of secondary branches per plant, number of flower clusters per plant, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight (g), fruit yield per plant (kg) and fruit yield per plot (kg), in cherry tomato; [9] for plant height (cm), days to 50% flowering, number of primary branches per plant, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, days to first fruit harvest, fruit yield per plant (kg) in tomato; [3] for plant height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, percent fruit set, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant and fruit yield per plant in cherry tomato and [11] for plant height at final harvest (cm), number of primary branches plant^-1 days to first flowering, number of flowers per cluster, number of flower clusters per plant, number of fruits per cluster, number of fruit clusters per plant, days from fruit set to fruit maturity, number of fruits per plant, fruit length (cm), fruit width (cm), fruit weight (g), number of seeds per fruit, weight of seeds per fruit (g), weight of 1000 seeds (g), yield per plant (g) and yield per hectare (tonnes) in cherry tomato.

            Table 2 reveals the best genotypes of cherry tomatoes based on per se performance concerning different traits. Selection of genotypes based on per se performance may be rewarding. However, the per se performance should be supplemented with genetic studies like variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation and path analysis, to make the process of selection more effective.

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References

[1] Anonymous, 2009a. Botanical classification of cherry tomato. (www.Lose-weight-withus.com/cherry tomato-nutrition.html).

[2] Anonymous, 2009b. Cherry tomato nutritional information. USDA National Nutritional Database for Standard Reference (cherry tomato-nutrition.html).

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[5] Prema, G., Indiresh, K. M. and Santhosha, H. M. 2011. Evaluation of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicumvar. cerasiforme) genotypes for growth, yield and quality traits. Asian Journal of Horticulture 6(1): 181-184.

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