Under National Agricultural Technology Project, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Mainpuri, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology Kanpur villages Rajpura and Pal were selected at initial stage. Before development of model for K.V.K. detail survey was made and found that the both villages vegetale crops producer. In village Rajpura, farmers were grown potato more on sandy nature soils, while cultivars of village were rasin garlic on salt affected loam and clay loam soils. The farmers were cultivated aforementioned vegetable crops with indigence methods and earn low net income as compared to expectation. Therefore, increasing the net income of farm families up to two fold or more than two fold, the potato based cropping system was selected to Rajpura and garlic base crop rotation was selected to pal. The farm families of village Rajpura advocated for harvesting of immature tuber of potato to obtain the better market rate at early stage. After harvesting of early tuber of potato, the vacant fields surrendered under third crops of moong and onion. In Pal village the farm households were suggested to grow the garlic with smart agronomy and harvest maximum bulbs of garlic under crop rotation of maize- garlic- moong.

      Therefore, to fulfill the objective of enhancing farmers net income up to two fold or more than two fold is the subject matter of this manuscript.

Materials and Methods

      The present study was under taken during Kharif, Rabi and Jaid seasons in 2000-2001 to 2002-2003 on farmers field of Mainpuri under National Agricultural Technology Project, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Mainpuri. For physical and chemical analysis of soil. Soil samples were collected from Rajpura and Pal. The analysis of soil sample village Rajpura indicated sandy loam soil, having pH 8.0, organic carbon 0.20, Total nitrogen 0.02%, available phosphorus 8.00 kg/ha and available potash 270 kg/ha. Collected composite soil sample of Pal displayed pH 8.6, organic carbon 0.29, total nitrogen 0.02%, available phosphorus 9.10 kg/ha and available potash 264 kg/ha, therefore, the fertility status of both pilot areas were low. The pH was determined by Electrometric glass electrode method [1], while organic carbon was determined by Colorimetric method [2]. The available phosphorus and potassium were determined by Olsen’s method [3] and Flame photometric method [1] respectively. Total nitrogen was analyzed by Kjeldahl’s method as discussed by [4]. Maize-potato v/s maize-potato-moong and maize-potato v/s maize-potato-onion cropping systems were tested at village Rajpura, while maize-garlic v/s maize-garlic-moong were tested at village Pal.

                                           The 78 farmers of two villages having total area of 40 ha were participated in this programme. Many training programmes were organized at village level and trained to the farmers for increasing the net income up to two fold or more through adoption of cropping systems. The farmers were advocated for growing of newly developed varieties of different crops at recommended sowing time. The different crops were harvested at appropriate time. The recommended agronomical practices were followed in rising of different crops. The irrigations were given to different crops as and when required. The observations were collected by personal interview with respondents and also follow the Telepathi Education System, whereas found essential. During the course of investigation several visits were made for collection of information. After collection of yield data of different crops from the study area the mean value was worked out. The cost of cultivation, gross return, net return and net income increase in term of fold were computed crop wise and cropping system wise as per suggestion of [5-9]

Results and Discussion

The average data of yield, cost of cultivation, gross return, net return and net income increased in term of fold of double cropping and triple cropping system were calculated and reported in Table-1ABC and discussed here under appropriate heads:

1. Maize-potato v/s maize-potato-moong-

                                     The maize- potato double cropping system was popular among the farmers of study area compared with newly developed triple cropping system of maize-potato-moong. The net return obtained from maize-potato and maize-potato-moong by Rs 69060/ha and Rs 165195/ha, respectively. The net income of farmers increased by 2.39 fold due to adoption of maize-potato-moong. The variation in net income was due to considerable increased in net return with the inclusion of moong in cropping system, during summer season and adoption of rising of three crops in triple cropping system, which increased the income of farmers more than two fold. These findings support to the findings of [9].

Table: 1 Statement showing the two fold income increase with different cropping systems (pooled data of three years)

A) – Mize-potato v/s Maize-potato-moong:

• Maize-potato v/s maize-potato-onion-

                  The newly developed cropping system maize-potato-onion displayed the net return of Rs 307645/ha, which was higher over maize-potato cropping system (Rs 69060/ha). Thus, extension of new cropping system maize-potato-onion increased the farmers net income by 4.50 fold. The net income of Rs 184150/ha from the inclusion of onion in cropping system was responsible for increasing more than 4.50 fold income of farmers. These observations support to the results of [10].

B) – Mize-potato v/s Maize-potato-onion:

• Maize-garlic v/s maize-garlic-moong-

                 Perusal of data available in Table-1C makes it clear that newly developed cropping system maize-garlic-moong on salt affected soil gave net income Rs465195/ha, which was higher over double cropping system of maize-garlic (Rs 242010/ha). The net income generated from inclusion of moong in cropping system of maize-garlic-moong during summer season added the net income of Rs41700/ha in total net income of maize-garlic-moong (Rs465195/ha) was responsible for increasing the net income. Therefore the newly developed triple cropping system on salt affected soil increased the net income of farmers by two fold. [8] have also reported the similar results.

C) – Mize-garlic v/s Maize-Garlic-Moong

Over all vision

             Perusal of data make it clear that firming of new cropping system with inclusion of moong and onion crops during early summer season increased the net income of farm families by two fold or more than two fold.

Conclusion

The farm families residing in north belt of Uttar Pradesh as well as India having sandy loam soil and salt affected loam and clay loam soil may be advocated for adoption of maize-potato-moong & maize-potato-onion on sandy loam soil and maize-garlic-moong on salt affected loam and clay loam soils.

References

1. Dutta, N.P., Khera, M.S. and Saini, T.R. 1962. A rapid clorimetric procedure for the determination of organic carbon in soils. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Sciences, 10:67-74.
2. Mishra, P.D. and Charan, R. 2002 Cost & returns analysis of main crops in central plain zone of U.P. Publication of C.S.A.U.A. &T, Kanpur
3. Mishra, P.D. and Singh, R.K. 2011 Cost & return analysis of main crops in central plain zone of U.P. Publication of C.S.U.A. &T, Kanpur
4. Singh, A. Singh, R.A. and Kumar, A. Economic comparison of potato and vegetable pea in central alluvial tract of U.P. Research in Environment and Life Sciences, 7 (4):305-306.Sciences, 10:67-74.
5. Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanable, F.S. and Dean, L.A. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. U.S.D.A. Circ. 939 (Washington):19. Piper, C.S. 1950. Soil and Plant Analysis Univ. Adelaide Aust.
6. Dutta, N.P., Khera, M.S. and Saini, T.R. 1962. A rapid clorimetric procedure for the determination of organic carbon in soils. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Sciences, 10:67-74.
7. Mishra, P.D. and Charan, R. 2002 Cost & returns analysis of main crops in central plain zone of U.P. Publication of C.S.A.U.A. &T, Kanpur
8. Mishra, P.D. and Singh, R.K. 2011 Cost & return analysis of main crops in central plain zone of U.P. Publication of C.S.U.A. &T, Kanpur
9. Singh, A. Singh, R.A. and Kumar, A. Economic comparison of potato and vegetable pea in central alluvial tract of U.P. Research in Environment and Life Sciences, 7 (4):305-306.Sciences, 10:67-74.
10. Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanable, F.S. and Dean, L.A. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. U.S.D.A. Circ. 939 (Washington):19. Piper, C.S. 1950. Soil and Plant Analysis Univ. Adelaide Aust.